• This index was developed in 525 patients from 27 Connecticut hospitals with a principal discharge diagnosis of pneumonia from 1995 through 1996 (mean age 79 years, 56% female, 91% white, 29% 1-year mortality)
• The index was internally validated in 1246 nursing home residents from the same sample (mean age 81 years old, 52% female, 94% white, 39% 1-year mortality)
• Discrimination: This risk calculator sorts patients who died from patients who lived correctly 77% of the time (c-statistic).
  
• Calibration: For patients within the two lowest risk levels, the calibration was good, with <10% difference between the predicted and actual mortality rates. The risk calculator was not as well calibrated among the two highest risk levels, with >10% difference between the predicted and actual mortality rates
• Citation: Inouye SK, Bogardus ST, Vitagliano G, Inouye MM, Williams CS, Grady JN, Scinto JD. Burden of illness score for elderly persons: Risk adjustment incorporating the cumulative impact of diseases, physiologic abnormalities, and functional impairments. Medical Care. 2003;41(1):70-83.

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